What is CBT?

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CBT or "Community Based Tourism" is not new to Thailand in any way. But for tourists in general Most people know about this type of homestay as "homestay." In fact, these homestays or local accommodations are just one element of community tourism. Therefore, the following article will help you to better understand the context of tourism by communities in Thailand.

     Thanks to the academic article: Community Based Tourism Management for Sustainable Tourism Development: by Assistant Professor Dr. Sudthanom Tancharoenman here, hoping that this article will help promote knowledge and understanding for both Communities and tourists To understand and realize the importance of "Community Based Tourism" Continue

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Community Based Tourism Management for Sustainable Tourism Development
- Academic titles: Community Tourism Management For sustainable tourism development
- Academic categories: academic articles
- Year of publication: 2017
- Additional information: previously published At the national conference on management Faculty of Management Science Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University, 1st time (16 June 2017)
- Name of academic work / Academic position: Assistant Professor Dr. Sud Thanom Tancharoen

     Articles about tourism management by communities For Sustainable Tourism Development (Community Based Tourism Management for Sustainable Tourism Development). The author is Assistant Professor Dr. Sud Thanom Tancharoen, entrepreneurship branch. Faculty of Management Science Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University discussed the important characteristics of tourism by the community. By focusing on the people in the community to be the center Adhere to fairness Democratic There is cultural preservation through the process of passing on culture to future generations, including the conservation of the environment and natural resources. Will result in the community to have a career and income continuously To the success of sustainable tourism development

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Abstract

     With the important characteristics of tourism by the community Consists of promoting the economy of the community as a whole With a social process that focuses on development with people in the community as the center The organization is a community organization that is committed to fairness in management. Participation in development to meet the needs of the community and is truly democratic reflects the political dimension. Including cultural preservation Through the process of passing on culture to future generations, which is a result of resource management in the community with members of that community. The last characteristic is the conservation of the environment and the right to manage natural resources. With environmental responsibility and conservation of natural resources The result of cooperation in tourism management by the community will result in the community having a career and income continuously. Without destroying the environment All of these factors are absolutely essential for a truly successful step towards sustainable tourism development.

Key words: Community tourism participation Environmental protection Sustainable tourism

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Introduction

     Community Based Tourism (CBT) is a concept that countries around the world have managed in their local communities for the past 2 decades. In the form of management by people in the community Or host management, such as Japan, Philippines Etsuko (2008) of Okazaki Kobe University has studied and found that Community-based tourism is a model of ecotourism. Which has important components, namely participation Decentralization Cooperation process And creativity in social groups Tourism management by the community is expanding rapidly and in the future there is a tendency to grow into a network of internal and external links. However, the form of community management is expected to be one of the potential tourism management methods. By focusing on the process of community participation in management And support the conservation of natural resources Including self-contained tourism resources (The Thailand Research Fund, 2016)

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For Thailand Development trend to support the economic foundation of local people The government and local government organizations give priority to decentralization and community rights under the 1997 constitution (Article 46 and 56), especially participation in the allocation of natural resources and the environment, self-reliance, and management decisions. Community business (Article 78) includes trends in claiming rights based on the concept of development of the participatory process (Kobkul Raya Nakorn, 2007). Already Instead, there are problems and obstacles regarding participation in many areas in which the researchers study the patterns and approaches for the development of various types of tourism management and tourism by joint management of the community itself. Problems arise from lack of knowledge and understanding and participation in all management processes. Which is a huge obstacle to tourism management by the community

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In the midst of popular local trends Which focuses on decentralization to the local area And pay more attention to local community rights As can be seen from the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand B.E. 2540 (1997), it can be concluded that in Article 46 and Section 56, it gives the rights of local communities to participate in managing natural resources and the environment of the community. Decentralize localities to self-reliance and decision-making in local affairs under Section 78, including the concept of participatory development that is truly in line with the needs of the community

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The concept of traveling in today's world Tourists will consider the economic value more than other aspects. Especially the issue of satisfying response that is worth the cost. While some groups of tourists also see the importance of ecotourism that aims to protect the environment and cultural traditions through media from ancient artifacts and performances, while there are tourists who want to travel to experience the folk ways and local wisdom there is much. Increasingly and seems to be a trend of ecotourism as a whole As with sustainable tourism, it is said and widely developed today. Due to the problems caused by global warming combined with the global economy This affects the awareness of the survival and survival of most people in many countries, which can be seen from the connection of the key elements in the participation process, namely co-thinking, co-doing and receiving fair benefits.

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Thailand faces the problems of community tourism management and ecotourism in many areas, such as studying the potential of community tourism in environmental management, found that the community has tourism activities that lead to environmental learning. And political natural resources found that it was not possible to systematically manage and divide In the economic sense, communities have increased their income through community-based tourism management, and social and cultural exchanges find learning exchanges between local communities and tourists. To realize the value and importance of life Local traditions and culture Participation in management showed that the community lacked continuous participation and participation of the community in receiving benefits, found that the community did not join together to do business together, and most of the communities have The extra income from tourism (Wanwimon Phunaga, 2014) indicates that the community is aware of learning. Both in environmental and natural resource management And cultural preservation But lacking cooperation Same as the research results on Community Tourism for Communities and Local (Sud Thanom Tancharoen, 2016) which found that community organizations were formally established. Which has management and learning for each other Under the consciousness of self development But the strength in the community leading to sustainable development still lacks cooperation and support for the strength of the group in the long run.

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In addition to problems and obstacles in the community itself Tourism is also experiencing pollution and impacts on society or community because tourism has economic growth. Affecting the environment, such as a problem of destruction of scenery Rising cost of living The way of life of the community has changed into urban society and can lose its identity or local identity. Community tourism management is therefore a good solution for reducing and eliminating this problem. Because tourism by the community in the context of a diverse resource area of ​​the community The consideration of the use of this point is to emphasize tourism in tourist destinations that are mainly related to nature. Unique Including cultural and historical sites related to ecology in the area. Therefore, tourism by communities Therefore based on the idea that emphasizes the importance of integrating the aims of environmental rehabilitation and conservation Including the identity and cultural diversity of various ethnic groups of communities with different lifestyles and customs In addition, it aims to let people in the community learn to raise local awareness. Pushing pride in their ethnic and cultural identity As well as being able to give explanations to outsiders or tourists to get to know And understand the local way of life and culture Beauty and value As well as to communicate the development of culture Traditionally this is to allow local people and tourists to participate in the mutual learning process. Respect for the belief Dignity and rights to various ethnic groups, culture, traditions and rituals of the community. By focusing on tourism management based on responsible management conditions that help reduce environmental and social impacts This is to aim for sustainable management that covers conservation.

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Community Based Tourism

With the main characteristics of tourism by the community by the community itself Which consists of 5 dimensions of management and development: economy, society, politics, culture and environment (Mintzberg, 2009). In conclusion, community tourism management must promote the economy of the community. By developing with people in the audience as the center And having political characteristics, namely the form of participation in development to truly meet the needs of the community Including the conservation of culture, passing on culture to future generations, which is a result of resource management in the community, with members of that community resulting in sustainable development. In the sense of being an entrepreneur, there is employment, land management Provide goods and services to tourists while conserving the environment and natural resources And that community has a career and a continuous income Moreover Successful community tourism also shows that participation in community activities is an important component of the service business that communities offer to all types of tourists (Middleton, 1998), which is the heart of development. Without devastating the environment that leads to sustainable development success

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Community tourism is considered an important role of community tourism management. All public and private agencies need to support and promote tourism in the community. In particular, local government organizations and tourism agencies have a direct duty to promote tourism and support the community to participate in the promotion and development of tourism seriously.

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Tourism promotion and tourist attraction development In the definition that covers tourism resources Which means areas, things, activities, or any other dimensions that can provide tourism value, such as natural beauty, historical values, arts and culture, and new experience learning, etc. for tourists. Tourism resources can appear both in the form of Can be touched by tangles such as buildings, memorabilia, caves and Waterfalls, etc., and in the abstract, can not touch, but can be caught by contact with the other discouraging local wisdom. Tribal language And playing folk shows, etc., including natural locations and man-made things To be used as a tourist destination, activities, traditions and cultures that reflect the culture of each locality With distinctive features that attract the attention of tourists (Manat Suwan and others, 1998)

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Khun Potchana Suansri (2003: 15) stated that the main components of tourism by the community are 4 aspects which are 1) natural and cultural resources 2) community organizations 3) management 4) learning from research findings on tourism by Communities for communities and localities (Sud Thanom Tancharoen, 2016) points out that Community organizations were formally established. Which has management and learning for each other Under the consciousness of self-development, self-reliance, thinking as There is an effort to learn, develop Create more revenue, have gathered Strengthening the community Lead to sustainable development In line with expectations and efforts to achieve sustainable development as explained by Weerapol Thongma (2012), namely 1) economy 2) social culture 3) environment and one important thing to Leading to sustainability is the collection of knowledge, wisdom, and inheritance, as well as how to use it to create love and pride in the sense of belonging. Participate in community resources And finally the learning and working process together In the sense of the positive impact of community tourism management

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From concepts, principles, meanings, important characteristics, and components of tourism by communities As mentioned above, it can be concluded that the success of community tourism management and sustainable tourism development requires economic development or an increase in income and fair distribution of work or benefits. Go through the management process participation And operations of formal community organizations, such as community enterprise cooperatives Or agricultural housewife groups that understand and are satisfied with the same goal By using community resources Including location And the presentation of tourist services or cultural information With regard to cultural preservation Environment and natural resources clearly

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Guidelines for prevention and conservation of natural resources from deterioration. By community participation in tourism management By allowing communities to come to know and participate in expressing their needs, initiatives, proposing opinions, attending meetings, providing information, analyzing decisions And developing processes / operations related to tourism In order to truly benefit the locality And as a way of distributing income, improving the quality of life and managing local resources By building a knowledge base and understanding in various fields For the community first, such as principles, guidelines, characteristics of tourism resources Characteristics and behavior of market segments To give the community the ability to Systematically managing and developing resources and tourism Correct and appropriate (Arisara Seiyanon, 2009)

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According to the research of Sud Thanom Tancharoen (2016), the potential of management regarding the distribution of benefits generated by community tourism fairly And the potential of community organization Regarding communities, feel ownership and involvement in the development process Create jobs and income for the community. Having the lowest average means that most community members still feel that the benefits that villagers receive from tourism in the area are not fair enough. They also need more participation in various operations, as well as the research results of Narin Sungraksa-Supaporn Phromruedee and Thirangkur Voramrungkunkul (2016) that found that the guidelines for Tourism development needs the role of 5 parts: government, private sector, tourist community And educational institutions Which will help create incentives for tourists Both a variety of tourist attractions, activities, safety, friendliness and facilities. All want executives and people from all sides to promote and support each other Therefore, an important element of cooperation in tourism management, in which communities require members of the community, including the government (local) and private sectors as stakeholders. By considering the production, use from local resources (tourism) While all parties must help each other protect to maintain and increase Not only members of the community

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Sustainable Tourism Development

Sustainable tourism development is a result of willing and cooperative thinking because of the same goal, which is to improve the quality of life and peaceful coexistence, along with cultural and environmental growth. Because tourism is the source of income Is a tool for conservation Cultural traditions A good way of life And is a tool To protect the environment But in reality Those who benefit from sustainable tourism development are tourists. Tourist attraction Including all types of entrepreneurs

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Sustainable tourism

Sustainable Tourism Concepts The key principles of sustainable tourism development of the World Tourism Organization (2016) (1) are managed under The capacity of the natural system, there is a substitute for restoration to be able to produce and Provide various services Related forever Without diminishing or decreasing awareness of community participation and community needs (2) fair distribution of benefits to the local area (3) providing valuable recreation experiences for tourists (4) allowing people Visitors or tourists have learned and understood about the area. Resources and ways of life (5) Designs that are in harmony with local architecture And using local materials. (6) Emphasizing the integration of sustainable tourism into the development plan. Local, regional and national level. (7) Emphasize basic information to be a base for Deciding and monitoring

     The World Tourism Organization (WTO, 2016) has given the latest definition of sustainable tourism development that sustainable tourism will not be just small tourism or Niche tourism segments if But sustainable tourism must cover the overall market, as we know it, known as "Mass tourism" in general, sustainable tourism means tourism that gives importance to equality between the economy, environment, as well as society and culture of people from the current generation to the future. And the important concepts of sustainable tourism in the WTO definition, therefore, consisting of

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Tourism must recognize and use natural resources. Appropriate biodiversity and maximize benefits, Respect for the society, culture and traditions of the indigenous people. Including how to adjust and understand the differences in culture and traditions of each community.

     Creating sustainable economic prosperity Sustainable tourism should lead to a fair and equitable distribution of income and tourism stakeholder. It should also create employment and income for the local community. Including having an important part in reducing local poverty
               
     All tourism development should be sustainable tourism. According to Dowling (1995), he explains that Principles that must be taken seriously are tourism operations in the capacity, support of nature, communities, traditions, traditions, cultures and way of life of communities and tourism activities. Under the awareness of tourism activities linked to learning traditions Culture and tradition And the way of life of the community Identity and identity By the process of participation of all stakeholders Therefore requires joint management To reduce the impact on the community's ecosystems, customs, traditions, culture and ways of life And to prevent conflicts of interest and conflicts by coordinating needs and formulating economic plans Sustainability of existence and conservation of the environment and local culture

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Conclusions and recommendations

The author agrees with the sustainable tourism development by the community. By managing tourism that is conscious and responsible to the environment and ecosystem, especially the river Tourism management that provides knowledge and knowledge about local knowledge. And want the local people to have a role and participate in the project / activity promoting tourism by the community In line with Usawadee Poolpipat (2002) 's concept that sustainable tourism with community participation It is a continuous, quality and balanced tourism for the needs of local communities and the capability of available resources. And the findings of Thepparat Chantapan and Wiwatritima (2013) found that the community tourism management of Ban Khao Subdistrict, Ranot District, Songkhla Province has a form of community learning base. Which the characteristics of the knowledge base Consists of activities of learning resources Tourism by the community of Ban Khao Subdistrict Consideration of environmental sustainability Society and Culture The directions are set by the community. Community-based management for the community in which the community plays a role as owner Has the right to manage and maintain the knowledge for visitors. And create participation of the people, community organizations, and government agencies in the area Come in to think, plan Participate in community tourism management operations Similar to the research of Sud Thanom Tancharoen (2015), it is found that public relations through printed media and public relations banners that disseminate knowledge in marketing communications and the conservation of local wisdom and Thai culture. Is of great interest to the community Including learning of communities and local government organizations regarding sustainable tourism in the conservation of art, culture and environment. Continuous joint activities Helps to increase the potential of sustainable tourism management by the community, that is, can be self-reliant by the joint management of community members (Sud Thanom Tancharoen, 2016)

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Many areas are still unable to solve the problem of benefits distribution. Therefore, those who benefit from sustainable tourism development are tourists. Tourist attraction Including all types of entrepreneurs Enhancing the capacity of communities in tourism management that is linked to job creation and income generation within the community. Requires joint planning of all parties that have a serious stake To prevent and reduce conflicts of interest This will affect unity and cooperation to work together for the common good. And build self-reliance Still need advice from community leaders Including support from relevant government agencies Especially local government organizations

     In addition, executives, community leaders, business communities and local government organizations should focus on creating a Destination Branding for sustainable ecotourism development in the community. Has become an important concept in the development of tourist destinations along with the campaign to prevent and reduce resistance to growth. Due to development But must emphasize the limitations of growth And tourism must be managed under the constraints of community resources.

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As for community members and community leaders, they should consult with the local administrative organization to manage the tourism planning and management. Focusing on local products based on local wisdom, and with regard to products that are environmentally friendly and should pay attention to the participation and careful management of human resources related to various tasks. By relying on comments with consensus at every step And for sustainable tourism development by communities Communities in every area and every province have cultural characteristics and ways of life that are unique to that community. They should study and understand the history deeply and seriously. To draw out the attraction of tourists, pearl types such as prominent cultural sites Temples and archaeological sites. Local administrative organizations should play an important role in encouraging and motivating communities to participate in the development of tourist attractions to be unique and orderly that can attract tourists.

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Reference

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- Thepparat Chantapan and Wiwatritima. (2013). Tourism by community of Ban Khao Sub-district, Ranot District, Province
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- Sud Thanom Tancharoen. (2015). Loy Krathong tradition and inheritance of local wisdom and cultural preservation. Report of the follow-up of the Southeast Asian Interdisciplinary Academic Conference 2015, 25 June 2015, Bangkok (Page 496-502). Bangkok: South East Asia University.
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